Car heater



(No Modl.) V2 sheets-sheen 1. C.. S.. DEAN.`

GAR HEATER.

No. 392,147. Patented Oct. 30, 1888.

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' (No Model) C'. S; DEAN.

'GAR HEATER.

N. PETERS, Pmwumagrap UNITE-D STATES PATENT Ormes.

CYRUS S.' DEAN, OF FORT ERIE, ONTARIO, CANADA.

CAR=HEAT`ER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 392,147, dated October 30, 1888.

Application filed March 8, 1888.

To @ZZ whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, OYRUS S. DEAN, a subject of the Queen'of Great Britain, and a resident of Fort Erie, in the Province oi Ontario and Dominion of Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Car- Heaters; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appert-ains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which- Figure l is a vertical sectional View of my improved car-heater, showing the fire-pot in position. Fig. 2 is asimilar View of the same through the line x x of Fig. l withoutthe iirepot. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the bottom plate, partly broken away. Fig. tis adetail view of the fire-pot. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a portion of the furnace, partly broken away, adapted to be used with the heater; and Figs.6 and 7 are detail views of different forms of certain parts of the heater.

My invention relates to that class of carheaters which are placed in the bottom of the vehicle in such manner as to take no room of the interior of the car and to heat the air as it enters the car through the heater; and it consists in the improved construction and combinations of parts of the same, as will be hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, in .which the same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each of the figures, A indicates the top plate of the heater, B, C, and D the shells or walls of the same, and E the annular plate at the bottom-of the shells. The top plate, A,is preferably rectangular, although it can be made circular or of any other desired form, and is provided upon its lower face with two annular flanges, F and G, the inner one of which, F, is provided with two notches or recesses, H H, at diametrically-opposite points. The plate E is also provided with two lianges, I and J, although the inner one, l, is more like a bead than a flange. The shells or walls of the heater are secured at the proper distance apart by` means of the ianges upon the plates, and are held between the plates by means of bolts passed from one plate to the other.

Two pockets, K K, are secured upon the in- 'serial No. est, 555. (No maar.)

ner side or" the inner shell at diametrically-opposite points, and are each provided with a flue, L, which registers with a hole, M, in the shell. These pockets are riveted to the inner shell and rest upon the annular plate at the bottom, and fit with their upper ends in the notches H H in the inner ilange of the upper plate. A fire-pot, N, is suspended from these pockets by means of the ears O O, which are hollow and provided with the ilues l? P, which register with the flues in the pockets, the pockets being provided with the vertical guides Q Q, which guide the ears of the lire-pot into place and keep them there after they are in position. lf desired, the tlre-pot may be provided with only one of the hollow ears and have the other one made solid, as shown in Fig. 6, and the flue L may also be provided with a grate or vertical bars, R R, which will prevent coal from the fire-pot getting out of the pot down in between the walls of the heater. The lire-pot is provided with a grate-like bottom, through which the air is admitted and through which the ashes fall as the coal is consumed within thev pot; A solid top tits upon the pot, which thus causes the products of cornbustion to pass off through the Ilues of the ears instead of up through the car, as would be the case if the top of the pot were open.

At a point half-way between the ears, upon one or both sides of the heater, the middle and outer shells are connected by means of a short flue, S,which permits the products which have passed from the tine of the pockets in between the middle and inner shells to be carried off by means of the ordinary pipe. To permit of the free circulation or passage ofthe air up through and around these shells into the car, the plates A and E are provided with openings T T between the middle and outer shells, through which the air can pass. Between the middle and inner shells are other holes, U U, within which are placed the pipes V V, the upper ends of which are flush or even with the top of the upper plate, and the lower ends are shouldered and rest upon the lower plate. As these pipes lit snugly in the holes, the products of combustion which are circulating between the middle and inner shells cannot pass up through into the car." The lower ends of these pipes project a short distance through the lower plate and are secured by means of short pins passed through them and bent at their ends. The top plate, A, is provided with a IOO large central opening, through which the firepot is put in place or removed, and is covered with an ordinary register, through which the heat escapes into the interior of the car.

Upon the bottom of the heater is secured a draft-chamber,\V,which has a swinging door, X, at each end, andan annular liange, Y, atits middle. rlhe top of this box or chamber is provided with a large opening of the same size or dimensions as the bottom of the heater, so that when it is secured upon the heater a close lit is secured all around. The flange at the middle of the box is of the same diameterl as the bottom ofthe fire-pot, and of such a height that when the pot is put in place within the heater its lower end will fit down within this Vflange and prevent the dust and ashes from being drawn out from under the fire-pot and passed up into the interior of the car with the draft of air that passes through the box up around the shells of the heater. Vithin the llange is secured a damper, Z, by means of which the draft of the fire-pot is regulated, the handle of the damper extending out to one side of the heater, so that it can be readily turned by the one in charge of the car either by catching hold of it or by means of a rod or wire secured to it and passed up to the platform of the car. The outer' end of the handle is preferably secured by means of the keeper n, which is fastened to the bottom of the box in any suitable manner. Each of the doors X is provided with a lng or projection, b, at one end, which, when the door is raised as high as it will go, projects down below the hinge. A rod, c, is connected with each of these lugs, and is of such a length that when one door is closed the other one must necessarily be open, and as the lug projects below the hinge when the door is open the point of attachment, the rod, and the hinge are not in a direct line with each other when the door is open or raised, und thus the movement of the rod will always close the door. Themiddle portion of the rod may pass through a perforated ear or guide, (l, upon the side of the box. In this manner, when the car is traveling in one direction, the front door is opened, which permits the air to enter the box, but as the rear door is closed the only escape for the air is up through the heater into the ear.

If it is desired to have less air enter the ear, the front door is partly closed, which partly opens the rear door, and by letting in less air and giving it a means of escape other than up through the heater the temperature of the car can be regulated as desired, and especially in connection with the damper at the bottom of the fire-pot. rllhis draft-chamber is secured to the bottom of the heaterby means of four rods, c e, which are passed through the top plate, A, and through the box, the lower ends of the rods being provided with nuts for holding the box on their lower ends.

To prevent the box being drawn up around the heater too far, four studs or pins, f j', are cast upon the bottom of the box, against which the bottom of the heater rests when in position.

In operation the plate A. is secured in the l bottom of the ear, preferably about midway, i having its upper surface flush with the floor of l the ear. A fire is kindled in the tire-pot, the eoarscr grades of hard coal being preferably i used, and then placed within the heater, it be j ing provided with an ordinary bail for lifting 1 it in and out of theheater.

been placed in position, the draft is established through the bottom of the pot, up through the coal, out through the ears and tlues of the pot, around between the inner and middle shells, and out through the opening and short pipe i into the ordinary stove-pipe. NVhereit is not convenient or desirable to use two pipes, one upon each side ofthe heater midway between the openings in the inner shell, a single pipe can be uscd,wh.ieh will communicate with the outer shell at a point diametrically opposite one of the cars of the fire-pot, the other ear being dispensed with and a toe used, as shown in Fig. G. rlhis will cause the products of combustion to pass half-way around the heater, instead of only a quarter ofthe way, as would be the case with the two ears and two pipes, thus causing the same amount of coal to heat a larger amount of air before leaving the heater. Besides the radiation ofthe heat from the firepot which passes directly into the ear through the register in the top of the heater, the outside air is passed through the draftchamber and then up between the shells, through the pipes, and around thefre-pot into the car, thus exposing the air to the heated surfaces in the most advantageous manner. By reason of the many air-spaces between the flre-pot and the outer shell of the heater and the constant passage of cold air up into the car the loss of heat through radiation from the outer shell is reduced to the minimum and the entire amount of heat generated is carried up into the car, except the very small amount which passes off through the pipes, and this small amount can be utilized bypassing the pipes under the front and rear platforms of the ear, where it will assist in warming the conductor and driver. The amount of air admitted to the fire-pot or through the heater can be easily regulated by the one in charge of the car by having a handle or wire connected with the damper or the doors of the draft-chamber and extended upto the platforms in any convenient manner, such rods not being shown, as they lnay be attached and secured in any desirable lnanner.

The pipes through the heater may be removed for the purpose of cleaning them and theinterior of the heater between the middle and inner shell when lilled up by taking ont the pins at the lower ends of the rods, the draft-box having been first removcd,and drawing the pipes up through the top plates. After they have been cleaned the pipes are again inserted through the top plate and secured by means of the pi ns at the bottom in the same As soon as it has- IOO manner as before, thus avoiding all possibility of the heater becoming inoperative through the accumulation of soot, &c. As the coal is consumed within the repot, the ashes pass down'through the bottom and through the register below and fall upon the street orare carried away by the wind.

The pot may be replenishedat any time by removing the register and the lid of the pot, and coal put-in, when the lid and register are again put in place,the grate or bars in the flue of the ears 4preventing any coal from being thrown down in between the middle and inner shells. In this manner a continuous lire may be carried Vas long as desired, a small bunker of coal being carried under the seats; or a larger supply may be kept at the stable, from which the fire may be replenished at the end of each trip or whenever desired.

Although Ihave described my heater as having the fire started within the pot whileit was in place in the heater, I find that it takes too long, owing to the lfact that the draft must necessarily be so small to prevent its too rapid combustion afterthe tire gets fully started. I therefore provide a furnace,g,as shown in Fig. 5,which may be located at the stablesor other central point, and is provided with a series of openings,upon each of which is placed a plate, h. Each of these plates is provided with a central opening, from the inner edge of which depends the circular ii'ange z', of the same diameter as the exterior diameter of the tirepot. Through each plate is formed two openings, jj, of the same size as the openings or lines of the ears of the hre-pot, so that when the pot is placed through the center opening the two openings will register with the ues of the fire-pot and establish communication between the interior of the pot and the chimney of the furnace, thus creating a direct and powerful draft.- If desired, the upper face of each of these plates may be provided with a small annular flange or rib, k, which will assist in preventing the air from passing in between the ears and the liue, and thus checking the draft. If the fire in the pot gets to burning too strong before it is needed, all that is necessary is to partly rotate the pot within this plate, which will thus decrease the size of the opening between the ears of the pot and the hole in the plate, and will also expose or uncover a portion of each of the holes in the plate at the sides of the ears, thus admitting air into the furnace, which will assist in checking the draft.

In the morning before the cars are started out upon their trips a sufficient number of pots are placed upon the furnace, each being provided with kindlings and coal, and a lire started in them. In a short time the pots are almost, if not entirely, red hot. One of them is now removed from the furnace and placed within the heater in the car, the dampers of the heater properly adjusted, and .the car started out upon its journey. As the coal in the pot is gradually consumed, it is replaced by that which is carried in the bunker in the car or from that at the stable, and at night all danger from leaving the pot in the car is avoided by taking the pot out of the heater and putting it in the furnace or any other safe and convenient place. I have found that by this construction of heater a very small quantity of coal will suffice to heat a car nicely and comfortably during the whole day, one filling of the pot being sufiicient to last the car for several hours.

During the summer months, to avoid carrying the useless weight of the heater, it may be easily removed from the car by taking out the bolts which secure it to the car and replacing it with a plate similar to the top plate of the heater either with or without the ventilatingregister.

By making the heater of sufficient size it can be used for heating the ordinary railwaycar, steamboats, and also the ordinary omnibuses and smaller vehicles. With the larger conveyances a larger heater would be required, or a greater number of smaller ones could be used, while with the smaller vehicles they must be made smaller, but the principle used would be the same in each construction.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States* l. The combination, with a casing the upper and lower plates of which are provided with holes, shells, or walls between said plates, forming air-spaces between them, of a hre-pot within the interior of the inner shell communicating with the inner air-space, but not with the outer airspace, a short pipe between the middle and outer shells atapoint between the openings from the fire-pot into the inner airspace, forming communication between the inner air-space and the outer air, and a series of pipes within the inner airspace communicating with the outside air at their lower ends and with the interior of the car with their upper ends.

2. The combination, with a casing the top plate of which is provided with a downwardly-projecting flange, said ilange being provided with notches at diametrically-opposite points upon its lower edge, of two pockets the upper ends of which fit within the notches, and a fire-pot suspended from the pockets.

3. The combination, with a casing, of a draft-chamber at its lower end, the top of which is provided with an opening of the same diameter as the casing, studs upon the bottom of the chamber the tops of which engage with the lower end of the casing, and bolts for securing the chamber to the casing.

In testimony thatIclaim the foregoing as my ownI have hereunto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GYRUS S. DEAN.

Witnesses:

LoUIs BAGGER, ARTHUR L. MoRsELL.

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